Learn how to use the passive voice
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to VietnamesePod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 17 - A Charitable Vietnamese Organization. Eric here. |
| Hoang Anh: Chào. I'm Hoang Anh. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the passive voice in Vietnamese. The following announcement takes place at the supermarket. Let's listen. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Tâm: Thông báo về chương trình từ thiện của hệ thống siêu thị Big C. |
| Tâm: Chương trình có tên gọi "Đổi quần áo cũ lấy phiếu mua hàng" |
| Tâm: Từ ngày 1 tháng 12 đến ngày 15 tháng 12 năm 2015, người tiêu dùng có thể tham gia chương trình này tại các siêu thị Big C trên toàn quốc. |
| Tâm: Sau đây là cách thức tham gia chương trình |
| Tâm: Bạn có thể mang quần áo đã qua sử dụng nhưng còn lành lặn đến các quầy tiếp nhận tại các siêu thị. |
| Tâm: Với mỗi túi gồm 10 chiếc quần hoặc áo, bạn sẽ được nhận một phiếu mua hàng trị giá một trăm nghìn đồng (100,000 VND) |
| Tâm: Phiếu mua hàng này có thể được sử dụng để mua hàng tại tất cả các siêu thị Big C trên toàn quốc. |
| Tâm: Toàn bộ quần áo quyên góp sẽ được nhân viên siêu thị giặt ủi và phân loại theo độ tuổi. |
| Tâm: Sau đó những bộ quần áo này sẽ được trao tặng cho các gia đình có hoàn cảnh khó khăn. |
| Tâm: Xin vui lòng truy cập vào địa chỉ www.bigc.vn để biết thêm chi tiết. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Tâm: Announcement of charity program by Big C supermarket system. |
| Tâm: The program is called "Change old clothes, get coupons." |
| Tâm: From December 1 to December 15, 2015, consumers can participate in this program at Big C supermarkets all over the country. |
| Tâm: Here is how to participate in the program. |
| Tâm: You can bring your used but un-torn clothes to the reception counter at the supermarket. |
| Tâm: For each bag containing ten items of pants or shirts, you will receive a coupon with a value of one hundred thousand dong. |
| Tâm: This coupon can be used to purchase goods at all Big C supermarkets nationwide. |
| Tâm: All collected clothes will be washed, ironed, and classified by age by supermarket employees. |
| Tâm: Those clothes will then be presented to families living in difficult circumstances. |
| Tâm: Please visit the address www.bigc.vn for more details. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Hoang Anh, according to the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, the number of poor households in Vietnam was about 1.44 million in 2014, which is equal to almost six percent of the population. |
| Hoang Anh: Yes, and among those households, over 90% live in rural areas and about 47% are from ethnic minorities. |
| Eric: What’s the average income of such poor households in rural areas ? |
| Hoang Anh: Under 19USD per capita per month. Poor households in urban areas are households with an average income of under 24USD per capita per month. |
| Eric: I see. Those are some sad statistics! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hoang Anh: từ thiện [natural native speed] |
| Eric: charity |
| Hoang Anh: từ thiện [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: từ thiện [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: người tiêu dùng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: consumer |
| Hoang Anh: người tiêu dùng [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: người tiêu dùng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: đã qua sử dụng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: used |
| Hoang Anh: đã qua sử dụng [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: đã qua sử dụng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: lành lặn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: un-torn (clothes) |
| Hoang Anh: lành lặn [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: lành lặn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: phiếu mua hàng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: coupon |
| Hoang Anh: phiếu mua hàng [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: phiếu mua hàng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: trị giá [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to value |
| Hoang Anh: trị giá [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: trị giá [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: quyên góp [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to collect (for charity) |
| Hoang Anh: quyên góp [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: quyên góp [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: giặt ủi [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to wash and iron |
| Hoang Anh: giặt ủi [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: giặt ủi [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: phân loại [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to classify |
| Hoang Anh: phân loại [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: phân loại [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Hoang Anh: truy cập [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to access, to visit (a website) |
| Hoang Anh: truy cập [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: truy cập [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Hoang Anh: lành lặn |
| Eric: which means “un-torn” when talking about clothes. |
| Hoang Anh: Lành lặn is a type of reduplication in Vietnamese. lành itself means “intact,” “un-torn,” “unbroken” or “uninjured” and lành lặn as a reduplicative enhances this meaning. |
| Eric: You can use it as an adjective. It must be followed by a noun or noun phrase. |
| Hoang Anh: lành lặn is mostly used to refer to an uninjured person. However, in this lesson, we use it with the noun quần áo, which means “clothes” to indicate un-torn clothes, old clothes that can still be used. We also often add còn or vẫn còn.. |
| Eric: which means “still” |
| Hoang Anh: before lành lặn to emphasize that something is “still” fine to use, or someone is “still” in good health without injury. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hoang Anh: Sure. For example, you can say.. Quần áo còn lành lặn mà An đã vứt đi rồi. Thật lãng phí quá. |
| Eric: ..which means “The clothes are still fine to use but An has already thrown them away. It's such a waste.” Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hoang Anh: trị giá |
| Eric: which means “to value” and is often followed by a noun indicating monetary value. |
| Hoang Anh: trị giá is the reverse version of giá trị, which means “value”. Trị giá is a verb and giá trị is a noun. You can use trị giá to show the currency value of something. It’s often used for expensive things. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hoang Anh: Sure. For example, Căn nhà này trị giá 7 tỉ đồng. |
| Eric: .. which means “This house is valued at 7 billion dong.” Okay, what's the last word? |
| Hoang Anh: giặt ủi |
| Eric: This means “to wash and iron” |
| Hoang Anh: You can use giặt ủi both as a noun and a verb. |
| Eric: When used as a verb, it means “to wash and iron” and is followed by a noun pertaining to clothes. |
| Hoang Anh: When used as a noun, it comes after certain words, such as tiệm giặt ủi |
| Eric: which means “laundry and cleaning shop” |
| Hoang Anh: đồ giặt ủi |
| Eric: “washed and ironed things” |
| Hoang Anh: thiết bị giặt ủi |
| Eric: “equipment used for washing and ironing” |
| Hoang Anh: dịch vụ giặt ủi |
| Eric: meaning “washing and ironing service”. Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hoang Anh: Sure! Cửa hàng này bán thiết bị giặt ủi. |
| Eric: .. which means “This shop sells equipment for washing and ironing.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the passive voice in Vietnamese. The passive voice is used more in written documents than in daily conversation. Newspapers, magazines, and research papers are among the types of documents that typically use passive sentences. |
| Hoang Anh: Forming the passive voice is really easy. First say the subject, then add được or bị and finally add a verb. You can also add an object but this is optional. |
| Eric: The subject here is the “passive subject”, the person or thing that receives the action, which is different from the “active subject” - the person who takes or causes the action. When the active subject is not important, it’s often omitted. |
| Hoang Anh: được and bị are helping verbs. được literally means “to get or receive something” and “bị” literally means “to suffer from something”. “được” indicates a positive meaning while “bị” indicates a negative meaning. |
| Eric: When added right before a verb in its bare form, this verb is turned into its passive form. Vietnamese verbs are not conjugated, so no change in verb forms is needed here. Hoang Anh, can you give us some examples? |
| Hoang Anh: Sure. Tôi được tặng quà |
| Eric: “I’m presented with a gift.” |
| Hoang Anh: Quần áo được giặt ủi |
| Eric: “Clothes are washed and ironed.” |
| Hoang Anh: Cô ấy bị phê bình |
| Eric: “She is criticized.” There are different types of passive voice. These include the passive voice which refers to past action, action in progress, and future action. |
| Hoang Anh: If you want to talk about past action, just add đã, which means “already” before được or bị. Everything else stays the same. If you want to express action in progress add đang, which means “in progress” before được or bị. And for future action add sẽ, which means “will” before được or bị. |
| Eric: Time phrases or spatial phrases are placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence. If both time and spatial phrases are used, they can be placed before or after each other. |
| Hoang Anh: For example...Cô ấy đã được thăng chức hôm qua. |
| Eric: “She was promoted yesterday.” |
| Hoang Anh: Tôi sẽ được trao học bổng tại đại sứ quán Mỹ vào tuần tới |
| Eric: “I will be granted a scholarship at the Embassy of the USA next week.” |
| Hoang Anh: Lan đang được hướng dẫn cách sử dụng máy giặt. |
| Eric: “Lan is being instructed on how to use the washing machine.” Hoang Anh, what if the tense is not important? |
| Hoang Anh: When the tense is not important, for example, a fact is stated, please remove đã, đang, or sẽ . For example..Căn nhà này được làm bằng gỗ. |
| Eric: “This house is made of wood.” |
| Hoang Anh: Cô ấy được mọi người yêu mến. |
| Eric: “She is loved by everyone.” Alright listeners, please check the lesson notes for more rules and examples. You can also find information about the passive voice when the “active subject” is important and if the passive subject is a story or a work of art. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hoang Anh: Tạm biệt. |
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