Learn how to use direct and indirect speech
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to VietnamesePod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 22 - Talking About an Accident in Vietnamese. Eric here. |
| Hoang Anh: Chào. I'm Hoang Anh. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about direct and indirect speech in Vietnamese. The conversation takes place in the office, during lunch break. |
| Hoang Anh: It's between Tùng and Nam. |
| Eric: The speakers are co-workers, so they’ll be using informal Vietnamese. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Tùng: Lại vừa có tai nạn xảy ra ở công trường đang thi công trên đường Cầu Giấy. |
| Nam: Tai nạn gì? Có nghiêm trọng không? |
| Tùng: Báo nói là cần cẩu bất ngờ bị gẫy, đổ sập xuống đường. |
| Nam: Sao lại bất cẩn thế nhỉ. Có ai chết hay bị thương không? |
| Tùng: Thấy bảo là có hai người đi xe máy bị thương, trong đó có một phụ nữ mang thai. |
| Nam: Trời đất, có cả phụ nữ mang thai à? Bị thương có nặng không? |
| Bình: Nghe nói là chị ấy đã được đưa đi cấp cứu và rất may là chỉ bị thương nhẹ. Thai nhi cũng không sao. |
| Nam: Vậy thì tốt quá. Người còn lại thì sao? |
| Bình: Có vẻ là anh ấy bị thương nặng hơn, nhưng không nguy hiểm đến tính mạng. |
| Nam: Mấy người quản lí công trường làm ăn tắc trách quá. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Tùng: There has just been an accident at the construction site under operation on Cau Giay street. |
| Nam: What accident? Is it serious? |
| Tùng: The newspaper said a lifting crane was suddenly broken, collapsing down on the street. |
| Nam: How careless they are. Did anyone die or get injured? |
| Tùng: Two people who were driving motorbikes, one of whom is a pregnant woman, were said to be injured. |
| Nam: Gosh, including a pregnant woman? Was she injured severely? |
| Bình: She was said to have been taken by ambulance and fortunately she was only slightly injured. The baby was fine too. |
| Nam: That's good. What about the other person? |
| Bình: He seems to be more severely injured, but no danger to life. |
| Nam: Those who manage the construction have been so irresponsible. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Hoang Anh, I`ve heard that online newspapers have become much more popular in Vietnam than printed newspapers. |
| Hoang Anh: It’s true. Vietnamese people often read news online in the morning before they start work, during the lunch break, or at the end of the working day before going home. |
| Eric: What online papers are the most popular? |
| Hoang Anh: First, it is vnexpress.net. |
| Eric: This is the online news site that has the largest number of readers in Vietnam. It has very quick and accurate news updates in many categories including politics, economics and business, entertainment, family, lifestyle, and so on. This is also the news site with the most active commenters. |
| Hoang Anh: Another one is dantri.com.vn |
| Eric: This is a news site with great articles related to culture and education. |
| Hoang Anh: And of course I should mention vietnamnet.vn |
| Eric: This site is managed by the Vietnam Ministry of Communication and Information. It’s also among the most accessed news sites in Vietnam. It provides news in English as well. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Hoang Anh: tai nạn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: accident |
| Hoang Anh: tai nạn [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: tai nạn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: xảy ra [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to happen |
| Hoang Anh: xảy ra [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: xảy ra [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: công trường [natural native speed] |
| Eric: construction site |
| Hoang Anh: công trường [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: công trường [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: nghiêm trọng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: serious, severe |
| Hoang Anh: nghiêm trọng [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: nghiêm trọng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: bất cẩn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: careless |
| Hoang Anh: bất cẩn [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: bất cẩn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: chết [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to die |
| Hoang Anh: chết [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: chết [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: bị thương [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to be injured |
| Hoang Anh: bị thương [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: bị thương [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: nguy hiểm [natural native speed] |
| Eric: dangerous |
| Hoang Anh: nguy hiểm [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: nguy hiểm [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Hoang Anh: tính mạng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: life |
| Hoang Anh: tính mạng [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: tính mạng [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Hoang Anh: tắc trách [natural native speed] |
| Eric: irresponsible |
| Hoang Anh: tắc trách [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Hoang Anh: tắc trách [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Hoang Anh: bất cẩn |
| Eric: ...which means “careless” |
| Hoang Anh: bất is a Chinese origin word which means “no,” or “not”, and cẩn is the short form of cẩn thận, which means “careful”. bất cẩn |
| Eric: So, it literally means “not careful”. You can use it to indicate a careless person or action. |
| Hoang Anh: Right. We commonly use it for criticism. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hoang Anh: Sure. For example, you can say.. Em bé bị ngã do mẹ bất cẩn. |
| Eric: ...which means “The baby fell down because the mother was careless.” Okay, what's the next word? |
| Hoang Anh: bị thương |
| Eric: which means “to be injured” |
| Hoang Anh: bị indicates passive voice and literally means “to suffer” and thương is the short form of vết thương, which means “wound” or thương tích, which means “injury”. bị thương |
| Eric: You can use it as a verb in its passive form after a noun indicating a person to express that someone is injured or wounded. |
| Hoang Anh: We often use it in such expressions as bị thương nặng |
| Eric: “heavily,” or “seriously injured” |
| Hoang Anh: bị thương nhẹ |
| Eric: “slightly injured”. Hoang Anh, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Hoang Anh: For example, Vụ hỏa hoạn sáng nay làm ba người bị thương nặng. |
| Eric: ... which means “The fire this morning made three people injured.” Okay, what's the last word? |
| Hoang Anh: tắc trách |
| Eric: ...which means “irresponsible” |
| Hoang Anh: tắc trách actually means “not responsible”. It often comes after a noun or noun phrase. |
| Eric: You can use it to refer to an irresponsible action, behavior or attitude, rather than a person. |
| Hoang Anh: Right. For example, it’s not common to say người tắc trách, which means “an irresponsible person”, although it is still understandable. |
| Eric: What’s an example using this word? |
| Hoang Anh: For example... Thái độ tắc trách của anh ta đã gây ảnh hưởng xấu đến danh tiếng của công ty. |
| Eric: ... which means “His irresponsible attitude has badly influenced the company's reputation.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn about direct and indirect speech in Vietnamese. Ok! Let’s start from direct speech. Hoang Anh, what's the grammar pattern for this? |
| Hoang Anh: First, name the person who says the direct speech. Then add the word “nói” which means “to say”. After nói add a colon and then the content of the speech inside quotation marks. So, once again: subject 1 + nói , colon, speech inside the quotation marks. |
| Eric: This means “Someone says…” In English. |
| Hoang Anh: Right. If you want to say that someone said something in the past, just add đã, which means “already” before nói to make đã nói, “said”, but in many cases, đã is omitted. |
| Eric: Can you give us some examples? |
| Hoang Anh: Sure. Cô ấy nói or Cô ấy đã nói: “Tôi sẽ đến muộn.” |
| Eric: “She said, “I will come late.” |
| Hoang Anh: Anh ấy nói: “Tôi không phải là quản lí ở đây.” |
| Eric: “He says, “I’m not the manager here.” |
| Hoang Anh: Họ nói: “Công ty chúng tôi đặt lợi ích của khách hàng lên hàng đầu.” |
| Eric: “They say: “Our company puts customers’ benefits first.” Great! Now let's move to indirect speech. |
| Hoang Anh: The main structure is like this: Subject 1 + nói or đã nói + là or rằng, which mean “that” + Subject 2 + verb + object. The object here is optional. |
| Eric: So, it means…” Someone says or someone said that…” |
| Hoang Anh: Whether the action nói is in the present or past, the content of the direct speech is kept the same without any change. The only exception is that if Subject 2 is a first person pronoun, it’ll have to be changed into Subject 1 or be removed. |
| Eric: Can you give us some examples? |
| Hoang Anh: Let`s take our sentence Cô ấy đã nói: “Tôi sẽ đến muộn.” |
| Eric: Meaning “She said, “I will come late.” |
| Hoang Anh: Now let's create indirect speech. Cô ấy đã nói là sẽ đến muộn. or Cô ấy đã nói là cô ấy sẽ đến muộn. |
| Eric: “She said that she would come late.” |
| Hoang Anh: As you can see, only the pronoun “Tôi” in the direct speech is changed into “cô ấy” or is removed. The other part of the direct speech, including the verb tense, is kept the same. Another example is... Lan đã nói rằng tuần tới sẽ đi du lịch châu u. |
| Eric: “Lan said that she would travel to Europe the following week.” |
| Hoang Anh: Bố tôi nói là tối nay ông ấy không ăn cơm nhà. |
| Eric: “My father says tonight he won’t go eat dinner at home.” |
| Hoang Anh: Thầy giáo tôi đã nói rằng đại học không phải là con đường duy nhất để thành công. |
| Eric: “My teacher said university is not the only key to success.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Hoang Anh: Tạm biệt. |
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